Quiz Topics
Quantitative Chemistry and Stoichiometry
Specific Competence: Students will find the amount of substance (moles). They will describe and calculate chemical formulas (empirical and molecular formulas). They will understand and apply how much substance is in a solution (concentration). They will prepare exact solutions. They will do calculations for chemical reactions (stoichiometry), including finding water in compounds (hydrates), how much product is made (percentage yield), and how pure a substance is. Learning Activities: Students will solve mole problems using the number of tiny particles, the substance's weight, or the volume of gases. They will find empirical and molecular formulas from percentage amounts or mass data. They will describe and calculate solution concentration and use the dilution law. They will prepare exact solutions from solids or strong liquids. They will do calculations involving moles, masses, gas volumes, and titration. They will use weighing and titration to find water in hydrates. Expected Standard: Students correctly find moles, empirical and molecular formulas, and apply solution concentration. They correctly prepare standard solutions. They correctly do all calculations for chemical reactions, including moles in hydrates, percentage yield, and percentage purity.
Environmental Stoichiometry and Atom Economy
Specific Competence: Students will solve environmental problems using chemical calculation rules (stoichiometry). They will describe atom economy as a way to measure how efficient a reaction is. Learning Activities: Students will study what clean air is made of. They will explore how chemical reactions affect the environment. They will learn about the benefits of atom economy, such as making less waste, causing less harm to the environment, and using fewer resources. Expected Standard: Students correctly use chemical calculation rules to solve environmental problems. They correctly explain and apply the benefits of atom economy.
Thermochemistry and Enthalpy Changes
Specific Competence: Students will understand energy changes in chemical reactions. They will calculate the energy change (enthalpy change) for reactions that release heat (exothermic) and reactions that absorb heat (endothermic). Learning Activities: Students will describe reactions that release heat and reactions that absorb heat. They will investigate energy changes using bond energies, energy diagrams, or experiments. They will connect these changes to natural processes like breathing and photosynthesis. They will calculate energy changes using the energy needed to break and form chemical bonds, and using temperature changes from experiments. Expected Standard: Students correctly show understanding of energy changes in reactions. They correctly calculate enthalpy changes.
Energy Sources and Nuclear Energy
Specific Competence: Students will explain why new types of energy sources are needed. They will understand nuclear energy (fission and fusion). They will analyze how nuclear energy is used. Learning Activities: Students will explore energy sources that can be replaced (renewable) versus those that cannot (non-renewable), considering their safety, cost, and environmental effects. They will examine pollution, the greenhouse effect, and global warming. They will study examples of nuclear power plants, including their design, how they work, and safety. They will weigh the good and bad points of nuclear energy. They will discuss solutions for challenges like safety and getting rid of waste. They will look at how nuclear energy is used in medicine, industry, and making electricity. Expected Standard: Students correctly explain why new energy sources are needed. They correctly show understanding of nuclear energy. They correctly analyze the uses of nuclear energy.
Chemical Equilibrium
Specific Competence: Students will understand when chemical reactions reach a balance (equilibrium) in reversible reactions. They will show that reactions can go both ways. They will analyze the features of a balanced state where reactions are still happening (dynamic equilibrium). They will investigate what changes this balance. Learning Activities: Students will explain that equilibrium means the forward and backward reactions happen at the same speed, and the amounts of substances stay constant. They will observe reactions that can go both ways, such as the breakdown of ammonium salts by heat. They will explore how fast reactions happen and how amounts of substances remain steady in dynamic equilibrium. They will investigate how temperature, concentration, and pressure affect equilibrium. They will apply these ideas to industrial processes, such as making ammonia (Haber process). Expected Standard: Students correctly show understanding of chemical equilibrium. They correctly show that reactions can go both ways. They correctly analyze the features of dynamic equilibrium. They correctly evaluate what changes equilibrium.
Electrochemistry and Electrolysis
Specific Competence: Students will understand the link between electricity and chemical reactions. They will evaluate the features and uses of materials that carry electricity (conductors) versus those that do not (non-conductors). They will understand processes that use electricity to cause chemical changes (electrolysis). Learning Activities: Students will investigate how well materials carry electricity. They will research how conductors and non-conductors are used in electronics, transport, and medicine. They will describe electrolysis. They will investigate substances that conduct electricity when melted or dissolved (electrolytes) versus those that do not. They will study how molten ionic compounds break down when electricity passes through them. They will figure out what substances form at the positive and negative terminals. They will discuss the list of metals based on their reactivity with electricity (electrochemical series) and the electrical power of electrodes. Expected Standard: Students correctly understand the link between electricity and chemical reactions. They correctly evaluate the features and uses of conductors and non-conductors. They correctly show understanding of electrolysis.