Quiz Topics
Quantitative Chemistry and Stoichiometry
Specific Competence: Students will find the amount of substance (moles). They will describe and calculate chemical formulas (empirical and molecular formulas). They will understand and apply how much substance is in a solution (concentration). They will prepare exact solutions. They will do calculations for chemical reactions (stoichiometry), including finding water in compounds (hydrates), how much product is made (percentage yield), and how pure a substance is. Learning Activities: Students will solve mole problems using the number of tiny particles, the substance's weight, or the volume of gases. They will find empirical and molecular formulas from percentage amounts or mass data. They will describe and calculate solution concentration and use the dilution law. They will prepare exact solutions from solids or strong liquids. They will do calculations involving moles, masses, gas volumes, and titration. They will use weighing and titration to find water in hydrates. Expected Standard: Students correctly find moles, empirical and molecular formulas, and apply solution concentration. They correctly prepare standard solutions. They correctly do all calculations for chemical reactions, including moles in hydrates, percentage yield, and percentage purity.
2.1.1 Work, Energy, and Power
Specific Competence: Students will be able to build a system that uses the ideas of work, energy, and power. Learning Activities: Students will build systems that make the most of mechanical energy, like a pendulum or a ramp. They will figure out how much work a force does on something. They will do experiments to see how force and movement are linked. They will measure and calculate mechanical energy (movement energy and stored energy). They will show that energy stays the same in mechanical systems. They will look at machines that use less energy, like cranes. They will calculate how well energy changes from one form to another. They will solve math problems about power in mechanical systems. Expected Standard: Students will correctly build a system that uses work, energy, and power.
2.1.1 Chemical Bonding
Specific Competence: Show that you understand what chemical bonding is. Learning Activities: Describe what chemical bonding means; explain the different kinds of bonds, such as ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Expected Standard: Correct understanding of chemical bonding is shown.
KINEMATICS - Physics
This topic covers Kinematics.
3.1 LIGHT
Specific Competence: Students will understand and apply the principles of light: how it travels straight (rectilinear propagation), bounces off surfaces (reflection), bends through different materials (refraction), and how lenses work. Learning Activities: Students will conduct experiments to show light's straight path, analyze shadows, and build a pinhole camera. They will explore reflection using mirrors, verify its laws, and solve related problems. For refraction, they will create optical illusions, verify Snell's Law with prisms, and demonstrate total internal reflection. They will also investigate lenses, draw ray diagrams, apply lens equations, and design simple optical instruments like periscopes, kaleidoscopes, telescopes, and microscopes, researching their real-world uses. Expected Standard: Students will correctly apply the concepts of rectilinear propagation, reflection, refraction, and the function of lenses.
1.1 Laboratory Skills and Safety
Specific Competence: Practice laboratory safety rules, practice waste management principles, use apparatus in Physics. Learning Activities: Working safely in the lab, properly disposing of waste, and using physics equipment correctly. Expected Standard: Following safety rules, managing waste, and using equipment well.
1.1 Introduction to Chemistry and Laboratory Skills
Specific Competence: Understand chemistry, its importance, and how to work safely and accurately in a lab. Learning Activities: Students will learn what chemistry is and its main areas. They will find out why chemistry is important in daily life, like in food or medicine. They will learn how to stay safe in the lab, including using equipment and handling waste correctly. They will practice measuring things accurately. Expected Standard: Students will show they understand chemistry and its importance. They will correctly follow lab safety rules, manage waste, use lab tools, and measure accurately.
2.1.2 Linear Momentum
Specific Competence: Students will be able to use the idea of linear momentum in daily life. Learning Activities: Students will explore momentum in real-life situations, like in sports, transport, accidents, and car safety. They will understand what momentum is. They will solve math problems about momentum. They will show that momentum stays the same when things crash (both bouncy and sticky crashes). They will explain what happens when someone drives too fast. Expected Standard: Students will correctly use the idea of linear momentum in real life.
FORCE AND MOTION - Physics
This topic covers Force and Motion.
2.1.2 Ions and Chemical Formulae
Specific Competence: Understand how ions form and how to write chemical formulas for compounds. Learning Activities: Explain what ions are; describe how positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) form; link their electrical charges to their combining power (valency); identify common groups of atoms with a charge (radicals like carbonate, sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, phosphate); figure out chemical formulas using the charges or valencies of atoms; understand what binary (two-element) and ternary (three-element) compounds are. Expected Standard: Show correct understanding of ions and their formation; write chemical formulas and name compounds correctly.
Environmental Stoichiometry and Atom Economy
Specific Competence: Students will solve environmental problems using chemical calculation rules (stoichiometry). They will describe atom economy as a way to measure how efficient a reaction is. Learning Activities: Students will study what clean air is made of. They will explore how chemical reactions affect the environment. They will learn about the benefits of atom economy, such as making less waste, causing less harm to the environment, and using fewer resources. Expected Standard: Students correctly use chemical calculation rules to solve environmental problems. They correctly explain and apply the benefits of atom economy.
1.2 Matter and its States
Specific Competence: Understand matter, its different forms (states), and how it behaves when heated or cooled. Learning Activities: Students will explore the forms of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. They will learn about the tiny particles that make up matter, like atoms and molecules. They will understand how these particles move (kinetic theory of matter) and how this explains changes like diffusion (spreading out). They will also learn to draw and understand graphs that show how matter changes when heated or cooled. Expected Standard: Students will show they understand matter, how its particles move, and how to work with heating and cooling graphs.
1.2 Fundamental Physics Concepts and Applications
Specific Competence: Demonstrate curiosity and inquiry in exploring fundamental concepts, relate concepts of Physics to everyday life. Learning Activities: Exploring basic physics ideas and connecting physics to daily experiences. Expected Standard: Showing curiosity about physics and understanding how it applies to the real world.
3.2 STATIC ELECTRICITY
Specific Competence: Students will design experiments to study static electricity and correctly install lightning arresters. Learning Activities: Students will perform experiments to generate static electricity by rubbing, induction, and conduction, investigating factors like heat and humidity. They will demonstrate charging and discharging, explain lightning formation, and test material conductivity. They will also learn about lightning arresters, the importance of grounding, and safety procedures for handling electrostatic charges. Expected Standard: Students will correctly design static electricity experiments and properly install a lightning arrester.
3.3 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Specific Competence: Students will construct basic electric circuits, apply electric cell technology, use Ohm's Law, solve problems related to electrical energy and power, and design safe and efficient home electrical systems. Learning Activities: Students will define electric charge, current, and potential difference, building simple circuits to demonstrate these. They will measure voltage and current, calculate resistance in series and parallel circuits, and investigate factors affecting wire resistance. They will explore electric cells for energy storage, including charging, discharging, and environmental impacts. Students will verify Ohm's Law, analyze conductors, and solve related problems. They will also calculate electrical power and energy consumption, design energy-efficient systems, and develop domestic circuits incorporating safety features like fuses, circuit breakers, insulation, earthing, and surge protectors. Expected Standard: Students will correctly build simple electric circuits, apply electric cell technology, construct circuits demonstrating Ohm's Law, build energy-efficient systems, and design safe and efficient domestic electrical circuits.
2.1.4 Types of Chemical Bonds and Structures
Specific Competence: Understand different types of chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic) and their everyday uses; classify compounds based on their structure. Learning Activities: Define ionic bonds, explain how they form, and describe properties like high melting/boiling points, electrical conductivity when molten or dissolved, solid state, and density; identify common uses of ionic compounds. Explain covalent bonds as shared electron pairs, showing how single, double, and triple bonds form (e.g., in H₂, O₂, N₂); describe properties like low melting/boiling points and not conducting electricity; identify common uses of covalent compounds. Explain metallic bonding as the attraction between positive metal ions and moving (delocalised) electrons; identify everyday uses of metals. Describe and draw different structures like simple molecules, very large molecules (macromolecules), and ionic crystal structures. Expected Standard: Show correct understanding of each bond type and how they are used; classify compounds into simple or giant structures correctly.
Thermochemistry and Enthalpy Changes
Specific Competence: Students will understand energy changes in chemical reactions. They will calculate the energy change (enthalpy change) for reactions that release heat (exothermic) and reactions that absorb heat (endothermic). Learning Activities: Students will describe reactions that release heat and reactions that absorb heat. They will investigate energy changes using bond energies, energy diagrams, or experiments. They will connect these changes to natural processes like breathing and photosynthesis. They will calculate energy changes using the energy needed to break and form chemical bonds, and using temperature changes from experiments. Expected Standard: Students correctly show understanding of energy changes in reactions. They correctly calculate enthalpy changes.
1.3 Elements, Compounds, Mixtures, and Separation
Specific Competence: Understand elements, compounds, and mixtures. Tell the difference between physical and chemical changes. Test how pure a substance is and separate mixtures. Learning Activities: Students will describe elements (basic substances), compounds (substances made from two or more elements joined together), and mixtures (substances physically combined) and show how they are different. They will learn about changes that substances go through, whether they are physical (like melting ice) or chemical (like burning wood). They will learn how to check if a substance is pure and why this is important. Students will also practice different ways to separate mixtures, such as filtering (removing solids from liquids) or distilling (separating liquids by boiling and condensing). Expected Standard: Students will show they understand elements, compounds, and mixtures. They will correctly tell the difference between physical and chemical changes. They will be able to check for purity and separate mixtures correctly.
2.1.3 Simple Machines
Specific Competence: Students will be able to build simple machines to fix problems in daily life. Learning Activities: Students will build simple machines like levers, pulleys, wedges, screws, wheels and axles, and gears. They will show how simple machines are used. They will find out the Mechanical Advantage (how much a machine multiplies force) and Velocity Ratio (how much faster the effort moves than the load). They will learn and use the formula to calculate how well simple machines work. Expected Standard: Students will build and use simple machines well.
WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER - Physics
This topic covers Work, Energy, and Power.
2.1 Basic Principles of Scientific Investigations
Specific Competence: Apply principles of scientific investigations. Learning Activities: Using scientific methods to study things. Expected Standard: Being able to conduct simple scientific studies.
Energy Sources and Nuclear Energy
Specific Competence: Students will explain why new types of energy sources are needed. They will understand nuclear energy (fission and fusion). They will analyze how nuclear energy is used. Learning Activities: Students will explore energy sources that can be replaced (renewable) versus those that cannot (non-renewable), considering their safety, cost, and environmental effects. They will examine pollution, the greenhouse effect, and global warming. They will study examples of nuclear power plants, including their design, how they work, and safety. They will weigh the good and bad points of nuclear energy. They will discuss solutions for challenges like safety and getting rid of waste. They will look at how nuclear energy is used in medicine, industry, and making electricity. Expected Standard: Students correctly explain why new energy sources are needed. They correctly show understanding of nuclear energy. They correctly analyze the uses of nuclear energy.
3.4 MAGNETISM
Specific Competence: Students will demonstrate a clear understanding of how magnets work. Learning Activities: Students will explore the properties of magnets, the domain theory (how tiny regions in magnetic materials align), and induced magnetism (making other materials magnetic). They will plot magnetic field lines, learn how to create and demagnetize magnets, and understand the use of magnetic keepers (for storing magnets) and magnetic screening (for blocking magnetic fields). They will also design new applications that use magnets. Expected Standard: Students will correctly show their understanding of magnetism.
2.1.4 Pressure
Specific Competence: Students will be able to use the ideas of pressure to solve problems in daily life. Learning Activities: Students will explain what pressure is and its units. They will learn how force and area are linked to pressure. They will measure pressure using tools like a manometer and barometer. They will learn Pascal’s Law (P = ρgh), which helps calculate pressure in liquids. They will calculate pressure in liquids and gases. They will find out what changes pressure, like how thick a liquid is, its depth, and gravity. They will do experiments on things floating and the upward push of water (Archimedes’ principle). They will build models that use pressure, like a hydraulic press, a car jack, or a barometer. Expected Standard: Students will correctly use pressure ideas to solve problems.
SIMPLE MACHINES - Physics
This topic covers Simple Machines.
2.2.1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
Specific Competence: Understand how chemical reactions work and write chemical equations correctly. Learning Activities: Describe what a chemical reaction is; identify different types of reactions such as combining (synthesis), breaking apart (decomposition), one element replacing another (single displacement), two compounds swapping parts (double displacement), and reactions that keep going (chain reactions). Convert written descriptions of reactions into chemical symbols; balance these equations to show the correct number of atoms on both sides, including symbols for solid, liquid, gas, or dissolved in water; write equations that show only the ions that react (ionic equations). Expected Standard: Show correct understanding of chemical reactions; write chemical equations correctly.
1.4 Atomic Structure
Specific Competence: Understand what an atom is and its parts. Know the properties of these tiny parts. Calculate the number of these parts in an atom. Learning Activities: Students will learn about different models of the atom. They will identify the tiny parts inside an atom: protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge). They will learn about the charge and weight of each part and why an atom is usually neutral (has no overall charge). They will also learn about atomic number (number of protons) and mass number (total protons and neutrons), and how to use them to find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Expected Standard: Students will show they understand atomic structure and the properties of its parts. They will correctly calculate the number of subatomic particles.
2.2 Physical Quantities
Specific Competence: Classify physical quantities as basic and derived. Learning Activities: Identifying and sorting different types of measurements (like length, mass, speed). Expected Standard: Knowing the difference between fundamental measurements and ones made from them.
2.3.1 Rates of Chemical Reactions
Specific Competence: Understand how fast chemical reactions happen and investigate what changes their speed. Learning Activities: Define what reaction rate means; conduct experiments to study reaction rates; explain the difference between reactions that give out heat (exothermic) and those that take in heat (endothermic); draw graphs to show how reaction rates change; identify factors that affect reaction rate, such as temperature, concentration (how much substance is dissolved), pressure (for gases), surface area (how much of a solid is exposed), catalysts (substances that speed up reactions without being used up), and light. Expected Standard: Apply knowledge correctly and interpret experimental data.
1.5 Atomic Structure Applications and Isotopes
Specific Competence: Interpret chemical symbols. Show how electrons are arranged in an atom. Calculate the average mass of an element. Handle radioactive forms of elements safely. Learning Activities: Students will learn to read and write chemical symbols (e.g., H for hydrogen) and special notations for atoms (nuclide notation). They will understand how electrons are arranged in shells (energy levels) around the atom's nucleus (electronic configuration) and how this relates to the Periodic Table. They will learn about isotopes (atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons) and how to calculate an element's average atomic mass (relative atomic mass). Students will also explore how radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) are used in areas like medicine and energy, and learn how to handle them safely due to their health risks. Expected Standard: Students will correctly read chemical symbols and notations. They will correctly apply electron arrangements. They will correctly calculate relative atomic mass. They will show how to manage radioisotopes safely.
3.5 ELECTROMAGNETISM
Specific Competence: Students will apply the principle that electric currents create magnetic effects to solve real-world problems. Learning Activities: Students will demonstrate magnetic field patterns around electric currents using rules like the right-hand grip rule. They will build systems that use this effect, such as electric bells, and show how currents behave in magnetic fields (Fleming's left-hand rule). They will investigate forces between parallel currents, research the health and environmental effects of magnetic fields, and design innovative solutions involving current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields, like electric motors. Expected Standard: Students will correctly apply the concept of the magnetic effect of electric currents to solve problems.
WAVE MOTION - Physics
This topic covers Wave Motion.
2.3 Precision and Accuracy in Measurement
Specific Competence: Demonstrate precision and accuracy in measurements. Learning Activities: Making careful and correct measurements. Expected Standard: Measuring things precisely (close values) and accurately (close to the true value).
Chemical Equilibrium
Specific Competence: Students will understand when chemical reactions reach a balance (equilibrium) in reversible reactions. They will show that reactions can go both ways. They will analyze the features of a balanced state where reactions are still happening (dynamic equilibrium). They will investigate what changes this balance. Learning Activities: Students will explain that equilibrium means the forward and backward reactions happen at the same speed, and the amounts of substances stay constant. They will observe reactions that can go both ways, such as the breakdown of ammonium salts by heat. They will explore how fast reactions happen and how amounts of substances remain steady in dynamic equilibrium. They will investigate how temperature, concentration, and pressure affect equilibrium. They will apply these ideas to industrial processes, such as making ammonia (Haber process). Expected Standard: Students correctly show understanding of chemical equilibrium. They correctly show that reactions can go both ways. They correctly analyze the features of dynamic equilibrium. They correctly evaluate what changes equilibrium.
2.2.1 Simple Kinetic Theory of Matter
Specific Competence: Students will be able to explain how the kinetic theory has led to new technologies. Learning Activities: Students will explain the kinetic theory and how matter is made of tiny moving particles. They will show Brownian motion (random movement of particles), diffusion (spreading out), and evaporation (turning into gas). They will create new ideas based on kinetic theory, like a gas leak detector, something that stops heat transfer (insulator), or a fridge. Expected Standard: Students will correctly explain how the kinetic theory affects new inventions.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM - Physics
This topic covers Electromagnetic Spectrum.
2.2.2 Measurement of Temperature
Specific Competence: Students will be able to measure temperature using the right tools. Learning Activities: Students will use different types of thermometers, like liquid thermometers, thermocouples, and infrared thermometers. They will find the boiling and melting points of substances. They will do experiments to see how pressure and dirt affect boiling and melting points. They will set up thermometers to give correct readings. They will look at how things like size, heaviness, and electrical resistance change with temperature. They will compare alcohol and mercury thermometers. They will link the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales. Expected Standard: Students will accurately measure temperature using the correct tools.
3.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Specific Competence: Students will create systems based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, build simple AC and DC generators, solve problems involving transformers, and understand electrical energy transmission. Learning Activities: Students will demonstrate Faraday's law, identifying factors affecting induced current magnitude and direction (Lenz's and Fleming's right-hand rules). They will construct simple AC and DC generators. For transformers, they will demonstrate mutual induction (how a changing current in one coil induces a current in another) and operation, solve related problems (including efficiency), and build a simple transformer. They will also discuss and explore different methods and factors involved in transmitting electrical energy over distances. Expected Standard: Students will correctly build systems using Faraday's law, create simple AC and DC generators, solve transformer-related problems, and understand electrical energy transmission.
2.4 Equilibrium (General Physics)
Specific Competence: Apply equilibrium concepts to design systems for solving problems. Learning Activities: Using ideas about balanced forces to create solutions for problems. Expected Standard: Designing systems that are stable and balanced.
Electrochemistry and Electrolysis
Specific Competence: Students will understand the link between electricity and chemical reactions. They will evaluate the features and uses of materials that carry electricity (conductors) versus those that do not (non-conductors). They will understand processes that use electricity to cause chemical changes (electrolysis). Learning Activities: Students will investigate how well materials carry electricity. They will research how conductors and non-conductors are used in electronics, transport, and medicine. They will describe electrolysis. They will investigate substances that conduct electricity when melted or dissolved (electrolytes) versus those that do not. They will study how molten ionic compounds break down when electricity passes through them. They will figure out what substances form at the positive and negative terminals. They will discuss the list of metals based on their reactivity with electricity (electrochemical series) and the electrical power of electrodes. Expected Standard: Students correctly understand the link between electricity and chemical reactions. They correctly evaluate the features and uses of conductors and non-conductors. They correctly show understanding of electrolysis.
2.4.1 Oxidation and Reduction
Specific Competence: Interpret oxidation and reduction reactions (redox reactions). Learning Activities: Define oxidation and reduction in terms of gaining or losing oxygen, gaining or losing hydrogen, gaining or losing electrons, and changes in oxidation state (a number that shows how many electrons an atom has gained or lost); tell the difference between redox reactions and reactions that are not redox; carry out tests to identify substances that cause oxidation (oxidising agents) or cause reduction (reducing agents), using chemicals like potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, or iodide/starch. Expected Standard: Interpret redox reactions correctly.
MAGNETISM - Physics
This topic covers Magnetism.
2.2.3 Expansion of Solids, Liquids and Gases
Specific Competence: Students will be able to show how solids, liquids, and gases get bigger. Learning Activities: Students will show how different forms of matter get bigger when heated (including water, which acts strangely when it gets cold). They will show that different materials expand at different rates. They will use gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’, Gay-Lussac’s, and the Ideal Gas Law) to understand how gases behave. Expected Standard: Students will correctly show expansion using experiments.
3.1 The Universe (Elementary Astronomy)
Specific Competence: Construct astronomical models to demonstrate conceptual understanding. Learning Activities: Building models (like a solar system model) to show understanding of space. Expected Standard: Creating models that explain ideas about the universe.
2.5.1 Composition of Acids, Bases, Salts
Specific Competence: Analyze what acids, bases, and salts are made of. Learning Activities: Investigate the components of acids, bases, and salts. Expected Standard: Analyze their composition correctly.
2.5.2 Acids and Bases
Specific Competence: Understand what acids and bases are, including their different types and properties. Learning Activities: Understand different kinds of acids (like organic acids from living things or inorganic acids from minerals, strong or weak acids, and acids that can donate one, two, or three hydrogen ions); analyze their physical (e.g., state) and chemical properties (e.g., how they react). Understand different kinds of bases (like alkalis that dissolve in water, strong or weak bases); analyze their physical and chemical properties, such as their ability to dissolve, having a pH greater than 7, being electrolytes (conducting electricity), and how they react with acids or ammonium salts. Expected Standard: Show correct understanding and analysis of acids and bases.
4.1 Structure and Composition of the Earth
Specific Competence: Demonstrate understanding of the Earth. Learning Activities: Learning about the layers and materials that make up the Earth. Expected Standard: Explaining how the Earth is built and what it is made of.
STATIC ELECTRICITY - Physics
This topic covers Static Electricity.
2.2.4 Internal Combustion Engine
Specific Competence: Students will be able to show how internal combustion engines work. Learning Activities: Students will name different kinds of engines, like those that use sparks, compression, or a spinning design. They will build a model of a four-stroke engine. They will compare how well diesel engines work compared to petrol engines. They will learn about hybrid engines and new engine technologies. Expected Standard: Students will accurately show how engines work.
2.5.4 Oxides and Acid-Base Indicators
Specific Competence: Classify different types of oxides and use indicators to measure how acidic or basic a substance is (pH). Learning Activities: Classify oxides into acidic (react with bases), basic (react with acids), amphoteric (react with both acids and bases), or neutral (react with neither); identify their uses. Use common indicators like litmus paper, methyl orange, phenolphthalein, and universal indicator, or a pH meter to find the pH of solutions; make simple indicators from local materials. Expected Standard: Classify oxides correctly; use indicators to determine pH correctly.
CURRENT ELECTRICITY - Physics
This topic covers Current Electricity.
4.2 Structure and Composition of the Earth’s Atmosphere
Specific Competence: Analyze the structure and composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. Learning Activities: Studying the layers of air around Earth and what gases are in them. Expected Standard: Describing the different parts of the atmosphere and what they contain.
2.2.5 Heat Transfer
Specific Competence: Students will be able to use the ideas of how heat moves. Learning Activities: Students will show conduction (heat moving through touch), convection (heat moving through liquids or gases), and radiation (heat moving through waves). They will apply these ideas to daily life, like how flasks keep drinks hot or cold, how fridges work, car radiators, breezes, and heating elements. They will show which materials let heat pass through easily (good conductors) and which do not (bad conductors), and which materials soak up heat well. They will show the greenhouse effect. Expected Standard: Students will correctly use the ideas of heat transfer.
2.2.6 Measurement of Heat
Specific Competence: Students will be able to solve real-world and math problems about heat. Learning Activities: Students will learn terms like heat capacity (how much heat something can hold), specific heat (heat needed to warm up a specific amount of a substance), and latent heat (heat needed to change state without changing temperature). They will solve math and real-world problems about heat. They will tell the difference between heat energy and temperature. They will measure heat capacity and specific heat capacity. They will find out the latent heat needed for melting and boiling. Expected Standard: Students will accurately solve heat problems.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION - Physics
This topic covers Electromagnetic Induction.
2.5.6 Salts
Specific Competence: Prepare and obtain different types of salts; analyze how salts are used in real life. Learning Activities: Prepare salts using methods like neutralization (acid + base), precipitation (forming a solid from solution), and crystallization (forming crystals from solution); understand concepts like solubility (how well something dissolves), water of crystallization (water molecules trapped in crystals), and how some salts absorb water (hygroscopic), lose water (efflorescent), or dissolve in absorbed water (deliquescent); identify uses of salts in food preservation, medicine, and agriculture. Expected Standard: Prepare salts correctly and analyze their uses.
5.1 Scalar and Vector Quantities
Specific Competence: Apply concepts of scalars and vectors in everyday life. Learning Activities: Using ideas about quantities with only size (scalars) and quantities with size and direction (vectors) in daily situations. Expected Standard: Distinguishing between scalars (like speed) and vectors (like velocity) and using them correctly.
5.2 Linear Motion and Falling Bodies
Specific Competence: Apply concepts of linear motion in real-life situations. Apply concepts of falling bodies in real-life situations. Learning Activities: Using ideas about straight-line movement and things falling to understand daily events. Expected Standard: Explaining how things move in a straight line and how gravity affects falling objects.
2.3.1 Longitudinal & Transverse Waves
Specific Competence: Students will be able to solve real-world and math problems about waves. Learning Activities: Students will explain wave terms like amplitude (wave height), wavelength (distance between wave peaks), period (time for one wave), frequency (how many waves per second), and wavefront (the front of a wave). They will tell the difference between longitudinal waves (particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave) and transverse waves (particles move up and down, across the wave direction). They will solve math problems about waves. They will build devices to show waves. Expected Standard: Students will solve wave problems and create wave devices.
THERMIONIC EMISSION - Physics
This topic covers Thermionic Emission.
2.5.7 Qualitative Analysis
Specific Competence: Investigate what ions are in salts; apply this analysis to everyday products. Learning Activities: Conduct tests to identify specific positive ions (cations) like aluminum (Al³⁺), ammonium (NH₄⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), iron(II) (Fe²⁺), iron(III) (Fe³⁺), and zinc (Zn²⁺); conduct tests to identify specific negative ions (anions) like carbonate (CO₃²⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), iodide (I⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and sulfate (SO₄²⁻); perform tests to identify common gases like ammonia (NH₃), carbon dioxide (CO₂), chlorine (Cl₂), hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and water vapor (H₂O). Expected Standard: Investigate ion and gas composition correctly; apply this analysis to economical products.
ATOMIC PHYSICS - Physics
This topic covers Atomic Physics.
2.3.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum
Specific Competence: Students will be able to understand information about electromagnetic waves. Learning Activities: Students will explain the electromagnetic spectrum (the range of all types of light). They will show the spectrum using different wave types. They will learn about their features, where they come from, and how they are used. They will find out how to detect these waves. They will look into the harmful effects and how to stay safe from them. Expected Standard: Students will correctly understand information about electromagnetic waves.
5.3 Forces
Specific Competence: Apply force-body interaction concepts. Learning Activities: Understanding how forces push or pull objects. Expected Standard: Explaining how forces make objects move or change shape.
2.4.1 Properties and Applications of Sound
Specific Competence: Students will be able to use devices to show the features of sound. Learning Activities: Students will point out the parts that vibrate in things that make sound, like a guitar, drums, or a tuning fork. They will do experiments to see how sound travels through solids, liquids, and gases. They will measure sound using tools like an oscilloscope and a sound meter. They will use a slinky to show rarefaction (spread out parts of a wave) and compression (squashed parts of a wave). They will do experiments to find the speed of sound. They will talk about sound features like frequency (how high or low), pitch (how high or low a sound seems), loudness, timbre (sound quality), interference (waves combining), and diffraction (waves bending). They will use computer programs to copy sound features. They will sort sounds by how often they vibrate, what they travel through, where they come from, and how we hear them. They will talk about how sound is used in music, ultrasound, sonar, and technology. They will look into how noise pollution affects health and the environment. Expected Standard: Students will correctly use devices to show sound features.
KINETIC THEORY AND TEMPERATURE - Physics
This topic covers Kinetic Theory and Temperature.
5.4 Circular Motion
Specific Competence: Apply circular motion concepts to solve problems and make predictions. Learning Activities: Using ideas about movement in a circle to figure out problems and guess what will happen. Expected Standard: Solving problems and predicting outcomes for objects moving in circles.
MASS AND WEIGHT,DENSITY - Physics
This topic covers Mass and Weight,Density.
5.5 Moment of a Force (Turning Effect)
Specific Competence: Create a tool that applies the moment of a force in solving problems. Learning Activities: Designing a tool (like a lever) that uses turning forces to solve issues. Expected Standard: Building a tool that effectively uses turning forces.
MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE - Physics
This topic covers Micrometer Screw Gauge.
5.6 Equilibrium (Mechanics)
Specific Competence: Apply equilibrium concepts to solve real-world problems. Learning Activities: Using ideas about balanced forces to solve problems in the real world. Expected Standard: Solving real-world problems by applying principles of balance.
VERNIER CALIPERS - Physics
This topic covers Vernier Calipers.
PENDULUM - Physics
This topic covers Pendulum.
RECTILINEAR PROPAGATION OF LIGHT - Physics
This topic covers Rectilinear Propagation of Light.
TRANSFORMERS - Physics
This topic covers Transformers.
PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS - Physics
This topic covers Physical Measurements.
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY - Chemistry
This topic covers Introduction to Chemistry.
PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER - Chemistry
This topic covers Particulate Nature of Matter.
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES - Chemistry
This topic covers Experimental Techniques.
ATOMS, ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MOLECULES - Chemistry
This topic covers Atoms, Elements, Compounds and Molecules.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND PERIODIC TABLE - Chemistry
This topic covers Atomic Structure and Periodic Table.
PERIODIC TABLE - Chemistry
This topic covers Periodic Table.
BONDING - Chemistry
This topic covers Bonding.
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS - Chemistry
This topic covers Acids, Bases and Salts.
MOLE CONCEPT - Chemistry
This topic covers Mole Concept.
RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Chemistry
This topic covers Rates of Chemical Reactions.
IDENTIFICATION OF IONS AND GASES - Chemistry
This topic covers Identification of Ions and Gases.
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF METALS - Chemistry
This topic covers General Properties of Metals.
ALLOYS - Chemistry
This topic covers Alloys.
CORROSION - Chemistry
This topic covers Corrosion.
HYDROGEN - Chemistry
This topic covers Hydrogen.
OXYGEN - Chemistry
This topic covers Oxygen.
NITROGEN - Chemistry
This topic covers Nitrogen.
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS - Chemistry
This topic covers Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
ALCOHOLS - Chemistry
This topic covers Alcohols.
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - Chemistry
This topic covers Carboxylic Acids.
ESTERS - Chemistry
This topic covers Esters.
MACROMOLECULES - Chemistry
This topic covers Macromolecules.